EP 908 Education Thought Leader Changes Her Mind on School Reform Efforts
Diane Ravitch, Ph.D, is a historian of education. For decades now, she has written, lectured and been interviewed about her views on a range of subjects related to education reform, including standardized testing, vouchers, charter schools and accountability. Early on, she was a proponent of all of the above. She was part of the leadership team in George H. W. Bush’s education department. While her views were categorized as conservative or neoconservative throughout the 1980’s and 1990’s on these subjects, at the start of this century her scholarship brought her to a different place on virtually all that she had previously espoused. It is hard to imagine how difficult it was to admit she was wrong, having been so public, and influential, in her views. In the end, she came to a few simple, but profound, conclusions–public monies are for public schools, family wealth is the greatest determinant of student achievement, and adherence to color-blind policies assures that the status quo remains in place. She also believes that the No Child Left Behind effort, and other modern reforms, measure only certain skills in reading and math, but leave other important subjects in a lesser tier. And that in the end, it is content–narratives and stories–not skills, that ignites the love of learning. In her latest book, “An Education: How I Changed My Mind About Schools and Almost Everything Else,” Ravitch is unsparing in sharing both the incredible changes she has undergone throughout her life and in how she now views her life’s work
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While we might think that ambulances are always involved in step on the gas exercises–get the paddles out, extricate from a car wreck or save from the effects of a heart attack, in truth there are many folks in the ambulance because they’ve run out of luck and have no one to call, excepting 9-1-1, for just the bad fortunes of life–an imminent eviction notice or the lack of food And as long as emergency services answer all calls, the bulk of the work of ambulance drivers and technicians will never be only about life-threatening emergencies. This is one of the many revelations you’ll find in Joanna Sokol’s work memoir, “A Real Emergency: Stories from the Ambulance.” While she documents the low pay and difficult working conditions, we are reminded that it’s the only medical care that is not first mediated by the medical bureaucracy–particularly insurance considerations. The ambulance arrives and off you go. In the end, someone has to pay for the service but given the many ways that ambulance services are owned and operated, it’s a hard business to make a profit from. Riding in that ambulance, Sokol reminds us, you can discern a lot about what America cares about and who is often left behind.
Tim Bakken, a civilian professor, and the longest-serving law professor in West Point’s history, filed a lawsuit recently in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, challenging a new U.S. Military Academy policy regulating faculty speech, which he alleges violates the First Amendment. You may recall that Professor Bakken was on our podcast a few years back promoting his book, “The Cost of Loyalty,” in which he describes how unquestioned faith isolates the U.S. armed forces from civil society and has catastrophic consequences. In 2012, he won that case against West Point before the U.S. Merit System’s Protection Board, which found him to be a legally protected whistleblower, after he complained of wrongdoing at West Point and suffered retaliation. As a result, he became one of the few federal employees to win a lawsuit against the U.S. military. The new lawsuit challenges the new “Academic Engagement Policy” requiring faculty members to seek and obtain prior approval from their department heads before they may speak to external audiences or publish articles or essays on matters within their spheres of disciplinary expertise while on duty and when speaking or writing as a citizen and mentioning their affiliation with West Point, the U.S. Military Academy. On this podcast, Tim Bakken spoke as a citizen and did not indicate his institutional affiliation in accord with a requirement of his employer. Any reference to that status was mine, and mine alone.
The euro survived crises unimagined at its founding in 1992, giving European countries a common currency. First there was the financial meltdown of 2007-2009, the sovereign debt crisis of 2010-2012, the pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The European Central Bank (ECB) pushed back against these ill winds with dramatic policy innovations, like buying up vast amounts of debt and providing large loans to banks. In the midst of turmoil those seem to have been the right things to do. Now, however, is it expected that the ECB will intervene routinely, expanding the limited mission (to use interest rates to pursue price stability) it was given at its birth? That is a key question going forward. Our guest, Stanford professor, John Cochrane, along with co-authors Luis Garicano and Klaus Masuch, provide prescriptions for maintaining this monetary union in their new book, “Crisis Cycle: Challenges, Evolution, and the Future of the Euro.”
To many, the term “Black Capitalists” tips an equation upside down. Black people were the labor force that built the infrastructure of American capitalism through the violent dictates of legalized slavery, so is it possible in this moment to see Black people as beneficiaries of this system? And if they are starting to amass capital, what are they doing with it? According to our guest, Rachel Laryea Ph.D., author “Black Capitalists: A Blueprint for What Is Possible” those who deserve this nomenclature are those who are strategic in using their wealth in order to create social good. Her book is replete with examples of those who do not take a winner-take-all approach to the accumulation of money. Our guest says that the term “Black Capitalists” is race agnostic–an invitation for everyone to strive towards social good and monetary profit in their everyday economic transactions. While anyone can participate in a capitalist system with a more equitable and inclusive approach to it, she points out how race profoundly shapes the way people participate in our economy
Oh, the times they are a changing’. While the focus in a slew of parenting books has been on infancy, adolescence and the teenage years, little has been focused on as it relates to ages 6-12, which is deemed middle childhood. To many parents there’s a sense that the heaviest lifting for them is over. And yet the research is telling us something different. In her new book “The Crucial Years: The Essential Guide to Mental Health and Modern Puberty in Middle Childhood (Ages 6-12)”, clinical psychologist, Sheryl Gonzalez Ziegler, tells us that this next phase of child development may be different from that which we remember, because of early onset puberty, social media and peer pressure caused by it. The child is now facing new pressures from other adults, such as teachers, and schoolmates. Their brains and their bodies are going through changes that can be confusing to them and their parents. Thankfully, we have an expert with us who can explain the psychological and physiological elements at play at this stage.
There are over 400,000 children in foster care in America, costing the state and federal government over $30 billion a year. So, is the system working? It’s hard to say the system is failing, but perhaps it’s more accurate to say that adults all along the way–from the biological families to a host of caregivers–are unable to build the attachments and connections which can lead to a healthy adult life. How else can we explain the fact that children who have been in foster care exhibit nearly twice the rate of PTSD as Iraq war veterans? Childhood trauma can result in greater likelihood of arrest and imprisonment and even shorter lifespans. To dissect this complicated issue, our guest, Claudia Rowe, author of “Wards of the State: The Long Shadow of American Foster Care” followed six foster kids across the country for a number of years to really study the effects of their experience. The book, and our conversation, are eye-opening.
Most of what we hear lately about higher education relates to the legal battles between the Trump Administration and Harvard, the nation’s oldest university. And while prior to this the leading issue in the news was student debt and overall affordability of college, there are a number of issues that have come to the fore. Among them is return on investment as while collar graduates find it more difficult to find jobs given the barreling and hard to imagine impacts of AI, the demographic cliff in which fewer students are coming through the college age cohort and the growing set of choices, not all well vetted, of alternative paths by way of certificate programs offered by all manner of institutions. Our guest, Mark Schneider a non- resident senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute (aei.org) specializing in higher education administration takes my questions about all of these issues on today’s podcast.
As a dog parent, I bristle at doggie dress-ups at the local pet supply store, yet I still eat meat. Call me a hypocrite. I accept the critique. And yet when it comes to animals, there is a stratification as to how we treat them and the title of a book published a few years back most aptly put it, “Some We Love, Some We Hate and Some We Eat.” Our guest, Elizabeth Melampy, author of “Forget the Camel: The Madcap World of Animal Festivals and What They Say About Being Human,” and an animal rights attorney, tries to answer in the book the profound question of what makes humans different from animals, since as we are reminded early on in it that our origin story must start with accepting the fact that humans are animals. The modality she uses to expertly delve into the subject are the dozens of festivals around the country that use animals as the central theme. It becomes clear, like the doggie dress ups shows, how we often disregard the needs of the animals even as we host events seemingly in their honor. We go on to discuss a range of animal rights issues in this compelling podcast.